Ayurvedic Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Child: A Clinical Case Report

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disease that affects social communication, behaviour, and cognitive development in children. ASD frequently endures throughout one’s lifetime, and impacts individual from all racial, ethnic, and social demographics. Recent studies indicate an increasing prevalence, with approximately 1 in 68 children in India being diagnosed. Boys are more commonly affected than girls, with a male-tofemale ratio of 3:1. ASD impedes an individual's capacity for communication and interaction, resulting in difficulties in schooling, social development, and autonomous living. This creates difficulties not only for individuals with ASD but also for their families, healthcare providers, and educators. Ayurveda correlates autism and related developmental disorders under Unmāda, a condition characterized by impairment of one or more mental faculties. In Ayurveda, Unmāda is primarily linked to imbalances in the nervous system, which corresponds closely with disturbances in the Vata dosha. Vata governs the nervous system and controls movement and communication in the body and mind. When Vata becomes aggravated, it can lead to mental disturbances such as Unmāda.

Panchakarma therapies, especially Vasti karma, play a significant role in managing these imbalances. Vasti helps balance Vata and enhances neurological function. When used alongside other Ayurvedic interventions, Vasti therapy has shown potential in reducing symptoms such as hyperactivity, attention deficits, speech delays, and irritability in children with autism.

This is a case report of a 4-year-old child with ASD who was treated using various Panchakarma procedures and supportive therapies. The child was assessed before and after the treatment using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and significant improvements were observed across all domains.This case highlights the potential of Ayurvedic Panchakarma therapies in managing ASD symptoms and improving overall functioning in affected children.