Krichronmeela and Shushkakshipaka: Ayurvedic Insights into Dry Eye Disease - A Narrative Review

Abstract

Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition of the ocular surface recognized in modern ophthalmology over the past three decades. Interestingly, classical Ayurvedic texts describe conditions—Krichronmeela and Shushkakshipaka—that exhibit striking similarities to DED. While most contemporary scholars correlate DED primarily with Shushkakshipaka, Krichronmeela has been considered by only a few authors, and detailed analyses are limited. This narrative review specifically approaches Krichronmeela, examining its classical descriptions in Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya and Aṣṭāṅga Saṃgraha, and compares them with Shushkakshipaka described in Suśruta Saṃhita and Ashtanga Hrudaya. By critically analyzing the symptomatology, pathophysiology, and recommended Ayurvedic management, this article highlights the correlation between Krichronmeela and the early stages of modern DED, particularly evaporative dry eye associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Early recognition and intervention at the stage of Krichronmeela may prevent progression to Shushkakshipaka and improve therapeutic outcomes. The review also identifies potential integrative approaches, bridging classical Ayurvedic wisdom with contemporary ophthalmology.